NIV/Bi-level PAP ventilation

NIV provides ventilatory support by reducing the work of breathing and improving gas exchange. Like CPAP it provides a positive pressure to help stent the upper airways and improve oxygenation. This is called expiratory positive airway pressure (EPAP). It also provides an inspiratory positive airway pressure (IPAP) which helps by reducing the work of breathing of an individual and helps to combat the elevated levels of carbon dioxide that have built up in the blood which can be extremely dangerous. This therapy is recognised as an effective treatment for conditions such as:

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• Type 2 respiratory failure in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD)
   

• Neuromuscular disease (NMD) or chest wall disease
   

• Cardiogenic pulmonary oedema
   

• Obesity hypoventilation syndrome (OHS)
   

• Congenital central hypoventilation syndrome (CCHS)
   

• Some cases of severe obstructive sleep apnoea
   

• Overlap Syndrome (OHS and OSA)
   

• Comorbid sleep disorders